Certified Information Security Manager (CISM) Practice Questions: Information Security Program Domain

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Explanation: Incorporating lessons learned from the recent breach is crucial for improving the incident response plan. This ensures that previous shortcomings are addressed and the organization is better prepared for future incidents. While technology, budget, and compliance are important, learning from past experiences provides practical insights that directly enhance the plan's effectiveness.

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Explanation: Creating a communication plan to regularly update employees on security policies and their importance (Option D) helps foster a culture of security awareness and engagement. Regular updates keep security top-of-mind and demonstrate its relevance to employees' daily activities. Mandating training (Option A) may lead to compliance but not necessarily engagement. Incorporating security into performance evaluations (Option B) can drive accountability but might not foster engagement. Incentive programs (Option C) can encourage reporting but are more reactive than proactive in building overall engagement.

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Explanation: Conducting a gap analysis to determine the current compliance status is the first step in understanding where the organization currently stands in relation to the new regulation. This analysis will highlight areas that need improvement and guide the development of a compliance roadmap. Option A is premature without understanding the gaps. Option C is a good practice but not the immediate first step. Option D may be necessary later, but only after understanding the specific requirements and gaps.

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Explanation: Conducting regular phishing simulations for employees is the most effective action to reduce successful phishing attacks. Simulations help employees recognize and respond to phishing attempts, improving their ability to avoid falling victim. Option A, implementing multi-factor authentication, enhances security but does not directly address phishing awareness. Option B, increasing training frequency, is beneficial but less effective than hands-on simulations. Option C, deploying an email filter, helps reduce phishing emails but does not educate employees on identifying phishing attempts.

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Explanation: The primary focus of aligning the security program with business objectives is to identify and protect critical business processes. This ensures that the organization's most important functions are safeguarded, supporting business continuity and minimizing impact. While compliance, technology, and training are important, they should be guided by the need to protect key business processes.

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Explanation: The immediate course of action should be to review the organization's risk assessment to determine if policy changes are necessary (Option D). This ensures that any updates to the policies are driven by the organization's current risk landscape and business needs. Option B, conducting a gap analysis, is a subsequent step that should follow the risk assessment review. Option A, scheduling a meeting with IT, and Option C, immediately updating the policies, are premature actions without understanding the current risk context.

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Explanation: Regular testing and updates are the most important elements to ensure the effectiveness of an incident response plan. This ensures that the plan remains relevant and effective in the face of changing threats and organizational changes. While technical procedures, documentation, and management involvement are important, they are secondary to ensuring the plan is tested and updated regularly.

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Explanation: Including security requirements during the initial planning phase ensures that security is built into the process from the start. This proactive approach helps to identify potential risks early and allows for the integration of appropriate controls, minimizing the need for costly modifications later. Audits and training are important but should follow the initial integration of security.

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Explanation: Conducting a root cause analysis to understand how the breach occurred (Option B) should be the top priority. This analysis is critical for identifying the vulnerabilities that were exploited and for developing an effective remediation plan. While notifying customers (Option A) and coordinating with legal teams (Option D) are important steps, they should follow the initial investigation. Implementing additional security measures (Option C) should be based on the findings of the root cause analysis to ensure they address the actual vulnerabilities.

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Explanation: Integration with existing data handling processes is the most important factor for the successful adoption of a new data classification scheme. This ensures that the classification scheme is seamlessly incorporated into daily operations, making it easier for employees to comply. While training, audits, and communication are important, they are more effective when the classification scheme is embedded in existing workflows.