| AAA | Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Framework covering proving who a user is, deciding what they may do, and logging what they did (1.1). | 1.1 |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence Machines that learn from data or generate content; SY0-801 adds its threats (2.6) and its use in security automation (4.6). | 2.6, 4.6 |
| ALE | Annualized Loss Expectancy Money a risk is expected to cost over a full year: SLE × ARO (5.2). | 5.2 |
| AML/CTFNew in V8 | Anti-money Laundering/Counter-terrorism Financing Compliance training topic (5.4): spotting and reporting attempts to disguise criminal proceeds or fund terrorist groups. | 5.4 |
| APT | Advanced Persistent Threat Well-resourced attacker, often state-sponsored, that stays hidden in a network for a long time. | 2.3 |
| ARO | Annualized Rate of Occurrence How many times per year a risk is expected to occur (once every 10 years = 0.1). | 5.2 |
| AUP | Acceptable Use Policy Policy users sign that defines what they may and may not do with company systems (5.1). | 5.1 |
| BECNew in V8 | Business Email Compromise Fraud where an attacker uses a hijacked or spoofed corporate mailbox (fake CEO or supplier) to redirect payments. | 5.6 |
| BIMINew in V8 | Brand Indicators for Message Identification DNS record that shows a verified brand logo in the inbox; requires DMARC enforcement first. | 4.1 |
| BIOS | Basic Input/Output System Legacy firmware that starts a computer before the OS loads. | Acronym list |
| BYOD | Bring Your Own Device Policy letting staff use personal devices for work, usually managed with MDM. | 5.1, 5.6 |
| CABNew in V8 | Change Advisory Board Group that reviews, approves or rejects proposed changes before they are made (1.2). | 1.2 |
| CAPTCHA | Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart Challenge meant to tell humans from bots; fake challenge pages are now an image-based threat vector (2.3). | 2.3 |
| CI/CDNew in V8 | Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment Pipeline that automatically builds, tests and deploys code; a SecOps automation target (4.6). | 4.6 |
| CIA | Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability The three core security goals: keep data secret, keep it accurate and unaltered, and keep it reachable when needed (1.1). | 1.1 |
| CRL | Certificate Revocation List CA-signed file of serial numbers that are no longer trusted, published periodically and downloaded by clients. | 1.3 |
| CSPMNew in V8 | Cloud Security Posture Management Tool that continuously scans cloud accounts for misconfigurations (4.3). | 4.3 |
| CSR | Certificate Signing Request File an applicant generates with its public key and identity details and sends to a CA to have a certificate issued (1.3). | 1.3 |
| CVE | Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures Public ID assigned to one specific, publicly disclosed vulnerability (year-number format, e.g. 2026-12345). | 2.1 |
| CVSS | Common Vulnerability Scoring System 0–10 score rating a vulnerability's technical severity. | 2.1 |
| CWENew in V8 | Common Weakness Enumeration Catalog of weakness types (e.g. improper input validation) behind vulnerabilities. | Acronym list |
| DDoS | Distributed Denial of Service Attack that floods a target from many systems at once, such as a botnet, to knock it offline (2.5). | 2.5 |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Service that automatically assigns IP addresses to devices. | Acronym list |
| DKIM | DomainKeys Identified Mail Cryptographic signature on email proving the message wasn't altered and came from the signing domain. | 4.1 |
| DLP | Data Loss Prevention Controls that detect and block sensitive data leaving the organization. | 4.1, 4.4 |
| DMARC | Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance DNS policy telling receivers what to do with mail that fails SPF/DKIM alignment (none, quarantine, reject). | 4.1 |
| DNS | Domain Name System Translates names like example.com into IP addresses; target of cache poisoning. | 2.5 |
| DoS | Denial of Service Attack that makes a service unavailable by exhausting its resources. | 2.5 |
| EDR | Endpoint Detection and Response Agent on laptops and servers that records process activity, flags threats and can isolate or remediate that one host. | 4.1 |
| EOINew in V8 | Expression of Interest Vendors signal they want to be considered for an upcoming project, typically before any detailed request or proposal. | 5.3 |
| GBICNew in V8 | Gigabit Interface Converter Older hot-swappable transceiver module for switch ports (hardware list). | Acronym list |
| gMSANew in V8 | Group Managed Service Account Active Directory account for services whose password AD rotates automatically and shares with a set of authorized servers (3.2). | 3.2 |
| HIDS | Host-based Intrusion Detection System Agent on a single server or workstation that watches its files, logs and processes and alerts on suspicious changes, without blocking. | 4.1 |
| HIPS | Host-based Intrusion Prevention System Agent on a single system that actively blocks malicious activity there, such as unauthorized changes to system files. | 4.1 |
| HRNew in V8 | Human Resources Department that is a stakeholder in investigations, onboarding and offboarding (4.8). | 4.8 |
| IaC | Infrastructure as Code Defining servers, networks and cloud resources in version-controlled templates so they deploy consistently and can be reviewed (3.1). | 3.1 |
| IDS | Intrusion Detection System Detects and alerts on suspicious traffic or activity but does not block it. | 4.1 |
| IP | Internet Protocol Addressing and routing for network traffic; addresses are common indicators of compromise. | 2.5, 4.3, 4.8 |
| IPFIXNew in V8 | Internet Protocol Flow Information Export Standard for exporting flow records (who talked to whom, how much); the open successor to NetFlow. | 4.8 |
| IPS | Intrusion Prevention System Sits inline and blocks malicious traffic, not just alerts. | 4.1 |
| IPSec | Internet Protocol Security Network-layer protocol suite (AH/ESP) that encrypts and authenticates packets; common in site-to-site and remote-access tunnels. | Acronym list |
| LAN | Local Area Network Network covering a single building or site, such as the office switches and Wi-Fi. | Acronym list |
| LDAP | Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Protocol for querying and updating directory services such as Active Directory. | 4.5 |
| LLMNew in V8 | Large Language Model AI model that generates text; an attack surface for prompt injection and data loss (2.4, 2.6). | 2.4 |
| LMSNew in V8 | Learning Management System Platform used to deliver and track security awareness training (5.6). | 5.6 |
| MDM | Mobile Device Management Central console that enforces policies, pushes apps and can remotely wipe phones and tablets (4.1). | 4.1 |
| MFA | Multifactor Authentication Requiring two or more factor types (know, have, are) to sign in. | 2.5, 4.5 |
| MOA | Memorandum of Agreement Formal document setting out specific, agreed responsibilities between parties. | 5.3 |
| MOU | Memorandum of Understanding Statement of intent to cooperate; less formal and less specific than an agreement. | 5.3 |
| MSA | Master Service Agreement Umbrella contract terms that cover all future work with a vendor. | 5.3 |
| MTBF | Mean Time Between Failures Average uptime a repairable component delivers before it breaks down; higher means more reliable (3.4). | 3.4 |
| MTTR | Mean Time to Repair Average time it takes to fix a broken component and return it to service (3.4). | 3.4 |
| NDA | Non-disclosure Agreement Contract that keeps shared information confidential. | 5.3 |
| NFC | Near-field Communication Very short-range wireless used for tap-to-pay and badges; a signal-based vector (2.3). | 2.3 |
| NICNew in V8 | Network Interface Card Hardware that connects a device to a network. | Acronym list |
| NIDS | Network-based Intrusion Detection System Passive sensor (e.g. on a SPAN port or tap) that watches traffic on a network segment and alerts, without blocking. | 4.1 |
| NIPS | Network-based Intrusion Prevention System Inline sensor in the network path that inspects traffic and drops malicious packets automatically. | 4.1 |
| NVDNew in V8 | National Vulnerability Database US government database that adds CVSS scores and details to CVEs. | Acronym list |
| OAuth | Open Authorization Delegation framework: lets an app access your resources on your behalf using tokens, never seeing your password (4.5). | 4.5 |
| OCSP | Online Certificate Status Protocol Real-time query to a CA about one certificate's revocation status. | 1.3 |
| OS | Operating System Core system software such as Windows or Linux; its vulnerabilities are covered in 2.4. | 2.4, 4.1 |
| OT | Operational Technology Systems that control physical processes, such as industrial control and building systems. | 2.3, 3.1 |
| OTPNew in V8 | One-time Password A code valid for a single sign-in, generated by a token or authenticator app. | 4.5 |
| PDFNew in V8 | Portable Document Formats Common fixed-layout file type for invoices, forms and e-books; malicious ones are an attachment-based vector (2.3). | 2.3 |
| PIRNew in V8 | Post-incident Reporting Write-up after an incident is closed that documents the timeline, root cause and lessons learned (4.7). | 4.7 |
| PKI | Public Key Infrastructure The CAs, certificates, key pairs and policies that bind keys to identities (1.3). | 1.3 |
| QRNew in V8 | Quick Response Scannable 2D barcode; malicious ones enable quishing (2.3, 2.5). | 2.3 |
| RCSNew in V8 | Rich Communication Services Modern texting standard with rich media; a message-based threat vector (2.3). | 2.3 |
| RFNew in V8 | Radio Frequency Radio signals; signal-based attacks include jamming and interception (2.3). | 2.3 |
| RFCNew in V8 | Request for Comments Published internet standards documents, such as the ones defining TLS (5.1). | 5.1 |
| RFINew in V8 | Request for Information Asks vendors to describe their capabilities and approach, as research before any requirements or purchase commitment. | 5.3 |
| RFPNew in V8 | Request for Proposal Asks vendors for a detailed solution design and price for defined requirements. | 5.3 |
| RFQNew in V8 | Request for Quote Asks for pricing on a clearly specified product or service. | 5.3 |
| ROI | Return on Investment Benefit of a control compared with what it costs. | 5.3 |
| RPO | Recovery Point Objective Maximum acceptable data loss, measured back in time from a failure. | 3.4 |
| RPSNew in V8 | Redundant Power Supply Extra power unit, internal or attached, that takes over if the device's primary one fails (3.4). | 3.4 |
| RTFNew in V8 | Rich Text Format Cross-platform word-processor document type that can carry embedded exploits as an attachment vector (2.3). | 2.3 |
| RTO | Recovery Time Objective Maximum acceptable time to restore a service after an outage. | 3.4 |
| SaaS | Software as a Service Complete application delivered and run by a provider; these providers are a supply-chain vector. | 2.3 |
| SAML | Security Assertions Markup Language XML-based standard for exchanging authentication assertions for web single sign-on. | 4.5 |
| SCAP | Security Content Automation Protocol Standards for automating configuration and vulnerability checks against benchmarks. | 4.4 |
| SELinux | Security-enhanced Linux Kernel security module that enforces mandatory access control, confining processes by labels (4.1). | 4.1 |
| SFPNew in V8 | Small Form-factor Pluggable Small hot-swappable transceiver for switch fiber/copper ports (hardware list). | Acronym list |
| SIEM | Security Information and Event Management Collects and correlates logs from many sources to alert on suspicious activity (4.4). | 4.4 |
| SLE | Single Loss Expectancy Cost of one occurrence of a risk: asset value × exposure factor. | 5.2 |
| SMS | Short Message Service Text messaging; used for smishing and weak OTP delivery. | 2.3 |
| SNMP | Simple Network Management Protocol Protocol for polling and configuring routers and switches and receiving their traps; use v3 for encryption and authentication (4.4). | 4.4 |
| SOAR | Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response Runs playbooks that chain security tools together so routine incident actions (disable account, open ticket) happen without an analyst. | Acronym list |
| SOC | Security Operations Center The team that monitors alerts and responds to security events. | Acronym list |
| SOPNew in V8 | Standard Operating Procedure Step-by-step instructions for performing a routine task the same way every time. | 1.2, 5.1 |
| SOW | Statement of Work Defines the tasks, deliverables and timeline for one specific engagement. | 5.3 |
| SPF | Sender Policy Framework DNS record listing which servers may send mail for a domain (checks the envelope sender). | 4.1 |
| SQL | Structured Query Language Standard language for reading and changing relational database data; unsanitized input into it enables injection attacks (2.5). | Acronym list |
| SSENew in V8 | Security Service Edge Cloud-delivered security for access (ZTNA, secure web gateway, CASB) (3.2); takes SASE's place on the V8 list. | 3.2 |
| SSO | Single Sign-on Authenticate one time and reach many applications without re-entering credentials (4.5). | 4.5 |
| TLS | Transport Layer Security Protocol that encrypts data in transit, e.g. HTTPS. | Acronym list |
| TOC | Time-of-check The moment a condition is verified in a race condition, before the resource is used. | 2.4 |
| TOU | Time-of-use The moment the checked resource is actually used; attackers swap it in between. | 2.4 |
| UPS | Uninterruptible Power Supply Battery backup that keeps equipment running through short outages. | 3.4 |
| USB | Universal Serial Bus Common port and device standard; malicious drives and cables are an external media vector. | 2.3 |
| UTM | Unified Threat Management Single appliance combining firewall, IPS, content filtering and more. | 4.1 |
| VNCNew in V8 | Virtual Network Computing Cross-platform remote desktop system (RFB protocol); an exposed one is a remote-access vector (2.3). | 2.3 |
| VPN | Virtual Private Network Encrypted tunnel for remote access or site-to-site connectivity. | 2.3, 3.2 |
| WAF | Web Application Firewall Filter in front of a website or API that inspects HTTP (Layer 7) requests and blocks attacks like injection and XSS (4.1). | 4.1 |
| WIPS | Wireless Intrusion Prevention System Monitors the radio airspace to detect and contain rogue access points and Wi-Fi attacks (4.1). | 4.1 |
| XDR | Extended Detection and Response Platform that correlates telemetry and runs native response actions across endpoints, network, cloud and email, beyond a single host. | 4.1 |