CISA Practice Questions: Governance and Management of IT Domain

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Explanation: Consistent application of IT policies and procedures is the most critical element for ensuring effective governance across different regions. This consistency helps maintain a unified approach to IT management and ensures that all regions adhere to the same standards and practices. While centralized control, standardized infrastructure, and regulatory compliance are important, they do not guarantee effective governance without consistent policy application.

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Explanation: Identifying and documenting key business processes and their IT dependencies is crucial for aligning IT strategy with business goals. This ensures that IT initiatives support business objectives and that critical dependencies are understood. While options A, B, and D are important, they are subsequent steps that rely on a clear understanding of business processes and IT dependencies.

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Explanation: The absence of a formal risk management framework most likely leads to an inability to prioritize IT projects effectively. Without a structured approach to identifying and assessing risks, the organization may struggle to allocate resources to projects that align with its risk appetite and strategic objectives. While unauthorized access, higher costs, and SLA difficulties are potential issues, they are not as directly linked to the lack of a risk management framework.

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Explanation: The most significant risk associated with an IT steering committee that meets irregularly and lacks clear decision-making authority is the misalignment of IT and business objectives. The steering committee plays a crucial role in ensuring that IT initiatives are aligned with the business strategy. Delays in project implementations (B) and increased costs (A) can occur, but the primary concern is strategic misalignment. Non-compliance (D) is possible but less directly related to the steering committee's role.

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Explanation: The best indicator of a mature IT governance process is that it is integrated with business strategy and decision-making (D). This ensures that IT governance is not only implemented but also actively contributes to achieving business goals. Options A, B, and C are important components of governance maturity, but integration with business strategy is the most comprehensive indicator of maturity.

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Explanation: The IS auditor should focus on the involvement of key stakeholders in the decision-making process. This ensures that the digital transformation initiative aligns with the organization's strategic objectives by incorporating diverse perspectives and expertise. While selecting the latest technology (A), speed of implementation (C), and cost savings (D) are important, they do not guarantee strategic alignment.

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Explanation: Return on investment (ROI) for IT initiatives is a direct measure of how well IT performance aligns with business objectives, as it reflects the value generated by IT in relation to its cost. While project completion (A), uptime (B), and customer satisfaction (C) are important metrics, ROI provides a clear indication of the business impact of IT activities.

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Explanation: The involvement of senior management in risk management is the most important factor when evaluating the effectiveness of the IT risk management process. Senior management's involvement ensures that risk management is aligned with organizational objectives and that there is adequate support for addressing identified risks. While the frequency of risk assessments (A), the comprehensiveness of the risk register (C), and the existence of a risk management policy (D) are important, they are less critical without senior management support.

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Explanation: Joint participation of IT and business leaders in strategic planning sessions demonstrates alignment, as it ensures that IT initiatives support business goals and objectives. Option A and C focus on technology rather than strategic alignment. Option D relates to operational performance rather than strategic alignment.

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Explanation: Without performance metrics, it is challenging to hold IT service providers accountable for their performance, as there are no benchmarks or standards to measure success. This can lead to inadequate service delivery and dissatisfaction among users. While justifying expenditures and aligning with best practices are important, they do not directly address the issue of accountability. Unauthorized access is unrelated to the lack of performance metrics.